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Monday 28 April 2014
Tuesday 11 February 2014
Dentcare Dental Lab Pvt. Ltd.: Workshop on Whole mouth rehabilitation - Register ...
Dentcare Dental Lab Pvt. Ltd.: Workshop on Whole mouth rehabilitation - Register ...: Faculty – Dr. Vasanth S Venue: Dentcare Dental Lab Pvt. Ltd., Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India. CR based Comprehensive Denti...
Workshop on Whole mouth rehabilitation - Register for free info section on28th Feb 2014 (9:00 am to 11:00 am)
Faculty – Dr. Vasanth S
Venue: Dentcare Dental Lab Pvt. Ltd., Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India.
CR
based Comprehensive Dentistry
Lecture and Hands on:
Participants are encouraged to start at least one case in their clinics, after
the first module. Learning while doing helps to understand concepts faster. It
also allows earning while learning! Try to do as many cases as possible.
Pre-module and between modules notes and photo series of all hands on
procedures makes the program a 4-month course and not just a 7-day hands on.
Module I
Occlusion in every day dentistry
The reality and logic of CR
Patient examination and records
Occlusal bite splint
Anterior deprogrammer
Recording face bow, CR & Protrusive
Know your Articulator
Condyle guidance and anterior guidance
Articulation of casts to patient records
Date: 28th Feb, 1st and 2nd March 2014
Day 1 and 2 ………… 9am to 5pm Day 3 … …………………..8am to 4pm
Module II
Occlusal concepts
Lower incisal level, upper incisal level,
Centric contacts
Posterior occlusion
Curve of Wilson, curve of spee
Treatment planning on articulated casts
Whole mouth rehabilitation
Date: 5th and 6th April 2014
Day 1 ………………… 9am to 5pm Day 2 … …………………..8am to 4pm
Module III
Vertical dimension
Equilibration
Custom incisal guide table
Clinic – lab communication
The art of provisionalisation
Basic ideas of smile design
Date: 3rd and 4th May 2014
Day 1 ………………… 9am to 5pm
Day 2 … …………………..8am to 4pm
Highlights of the program:
Participants will plan treatment, step by step, two real patient
case articulated models in each module.
Three real case studies will be presented in each module, showing from
diagnosis to finish, with all intermediary steps.
For further details please
contact:
Ms. Ida Rachel S M (Program Secretary)
Visit : http://dentcareindia.blogspot.in/2014/02/whole-mouth-rehabilitation-quick-guide.html
Register for free info section on Feb 28th 2014 (9:00
am to 11:00 am)
Whole mouth rehabilitation – A quick guide By Dr. Vasanth
I understand a lot of dentists want to take up whole mouth
rehabilitation, but do not know how, and others who are doing it already but want
to improve their work.
This article is for their benefit. It is about whole mouth
rehabilitation, how it should be approached, and how to achieve predictable
success.
There are various
definitions of what whole mouth rehabilitation is.
My personal definition is as
follows:
Any procedure that involves
the whole stomatognathic system and not teeth alone, that brings harmony to its
various components, namely TMJ, muscles and teeth, should be called whole mouth
rehabilitation. It has to be a centric relation based approach, where teeth
surfaces are modified with equilibration, or fillings or crowns, and missing
teeth replaced with bridges or implants or cast partial dentures, so that teeth
can achieve maximum intercuspation with the joints seated in centric relation.
The occlusal scheme should be anterior guidance, or in rare cases group
function.
So according to me whole mouth rehab does not necessarily mean 14 or 28
crown and bridges. Just equilibration, or 28 crowns, or anything in between can
be called whole mouth rehabilitation if it satisfies the above said criteria.
Now let us go through the step by step process of whole mouth rehabilation.
Examination
–data collection
The whole process starts with a complete
examination – what is called a COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION. Examination should cover
the TMJ, the muscles of mastication and other head and neck muscles, teeth and
periodontium.
A good set of die stone models, face bow record, centric relation
record and a protrusive bite record should be made.
A discussion
appointment, after a week, is scheduled where the diagnosis and treatment plan
will be presented with a diagnostic mock up.
Treatment
planning
Treatment planning should be done on mounted casts in a semi-adjustable
articulator with face bow and CR record. Incorporating all treatment goals, a
wax up is made, which I call “A
treatment blue-print”. Cut and move teeth requiring orthodontic treatment, grind
teeth requiring equilibration, build up with wax teeth requiring filling and
crown and bridge, or teeth to be restored with implant or cast partial.
Treatment
execution
The basic essential treatment like periodontal / endodontic management
and extractions should be completed first. All crown & bridges should then
be done, but with only provisional. Occlusion is tested in the mouth. Finally
when you and the patient are completely satisfied, final impressions and final
ceramic crowns should be cemented and equilibration done.
Let
me explain the various aspects of whole mouth rehabilitation
1.
Clinic
set up and Doctor’s skill
1. Doctor’s skill.
2. Good lab support.
3. Four or six handed
dentistry.
4. Good impression technique.
5. Semi-adjustable articulator.
6. Provisionalisation.
1. Doctor’s skill
A dentist must hone up his skill in various fields of dentistry,
through self study and various continuing education courses. At the end of the
article, I will outline the hands on programs that I conduct at Chennai and at Dentcare
lab, Muvattupuzha. These are tailor-made for whole mouth rehab aspirants. You
definitely need extra skill beyond dental school training to successfully
tackle full mouth rehab cases.
2. Good lab support
You cannot undertake whole mouth rehab cases unless you have a good
dental laboratory support. Both the lab and the dentist must be in good
rapport, and must work with the common goal of delivering EXCELLENCE.
3. Four or Six -
handed dentistry
Any dentist who wants to go beyond just “extraction, acrylic dentures
and amalgam filling practice” must realize that the first step in that
direction is working with assistance.
Two handed dentistry is no longer acceptable. Minimum is four handed
dentistry (dentist and one assistant). Ideal will be six handed dentistry
(dentist and two assistants).
4. Good impression
technique
In the last ten years that I have been
conducting workshops and hands on programs, I realized that taking impression is
the most neglected procedure in most clinics. My discussion with dental labs
also confirmed that. Getting an excellent (good is not enough!) impression
is a basic requirement for whole mouth rehabilitation cases.
5. Semi-adjustable
articulator
Possession and knowledge of handling a semi-adjustable articulator, is
another mandatory requirement for doing any meaningful diagnosis or treatment
plan.
6. Provisionalisation
All crowns and bridges planned on the casts should be tested with
acrylic provisional in the patient’s mouth before committing on permanent
ceramic. A provisional should resemble the final in shape and shade. So making a good provisional, is one more
skill needed in whole mouth rehab cases.
2. Diagnosis and treatment planning
If building a house requires a plan and a detailed blue-print before we
start, how can you start building occlusion without a pre-plan – what we can
call as treatment blue-print or treatment wax up?
The
following aspects are important in planning treatment:
1. Centric relation
2. Face bow transfer
3. Occlusal scheme
4. Treatment wax up
5. Clinical photographs
6. Patient education
1. Centric relation
Centric relation is the key for predictable
success. Dentists must develop a good understanding about the
temporo-mandibular joint and its relationship to teeth and muscle harmony. Recording centric relation is a very learnable skill that every dentist should master.
2. Face bow transfer
It is a simple 3- minute procedure, which transfers patient’s hinge
axis relationship to the articulator. It is a mandatory procedure, without which the articulation will not represent
patient’s occlusion.
3.Occlusal scheme
4.
Treatment wax up
Treatment wax up is like a preview of the final treatment. It convinces
the dentist that his treatment plan will work. It allows the patient to visualize
the treatment outcome. Patients will be more convinced to accept your treatment
plan.
5.Clinical
photographs
Clinical photography is an important component in whole mouth
rehabilitation. Right from convincing patients for treatment acceptance to
showing off your excellent work to the patient and others, good photo records
go a long way to make your practice different.
6.Patient education
A patient who understands the nature of his problems, and who
understands the effort you have put to plan an ideal treatment plan for him,
will appreciate your work and pay with gratitude, and will also refer patients.
Your reputation as a “Different Dentist”
will be a great practice builder.
3. Execution of treatment
1. Periodontics
2. Surgery
3. Endodontics
4. Restorative
5. Orthodontics
6. Crown & Bridge
7. Implant
8. Cast partials
9. Equilibration
Periodontal management, surgical procedures, endodontics and caries
management are normally carried out first. These are baseline treatment
protocols that form the starting point for any serious whole mouth planning.
Plaque control, improving patient’s hygiene management and caries
control have to be in place for any long term success.
5. Orthodontics
It is unfortunate that orthodontic treatment has never been projected
as a strong tool in whole mouth rehab armamentarium. Also since the average
dentists’ (other than orthodontists) knowledge on orthodontics is very limited
it is natural that they will not be in a position to incorporate it in their
treatment plan. Some basic orthodontic training, especially in straight wire,
is essential for any dentist who wants to do whole mouth rehab cases.
6. Crown &
Bridge
In most whole mouth rehab cases, crown & bridge play a great role. Extra
training in crown preparation and impression taking is essential. Developing
this skill will decide your success in managing whole mouth rehab cases.
7.Implant
Implants are another way of replacing missing teeth like crown and
bridge. Where ever possible it is the best way to replace missing teeth,
because it avoids unnecessary preparation of abutment teeth, and also preserves
bone in the edentulous areas. But good implant training is mandatory. Unless
the implants are placed in the exact planned three-dimensional location,
restoration according to prosthetic plan might not be possible.
8. Cast partials
It is unfortunate that cast partials are hardly used as routine
treatment. If implant option is not possible due to financial or other reasons,
cast partial becomes a good option. But unfortunately undergraduate dental
training hardly stresses on cast partials. Most dentists require cast partial
training. Even if you do not do full mouth rehabs, learning to do cast partial
dentures is a great help to normal practice.
Equilibration is reductive reshaping of occlusal and incisal surfaces
to achieve occlusal goals. This is an essential skill every dentist must
develop.
Added benefits of this
centric relation based approach
I have been following this centric relation based approach to whole
mouth rehab for about 5 years now – I call it comprehensive CR based dentistry.
It is based on the Pankey – Dawson philosophy. As centric relation based
dentistry restores harmony between TMJ, muscle and teeth, it helps us to tackle
TMD and myo-facial pain.
As your client base will include patients with migraine, intractable
headache, vertigo, neck and shoulder pain, your practice will become exclusive.
You will elevate yourself into a physician of the stomatognathic system.
Whole mouth rehabilitation is not an "anybody can do it procedure". But
at the same time, if a dentist takes time and effort to implement the main
requirements I have listed above, success will be predictable.
Wednesday 20 November 2013
Habits leading to dental mal-alignment in children
Certain habits exhibited by growing children could lead
to abnormalities in the position of teeth and jaws. Such habitual patterns of
muscle behavior are associated with faulty jaw growth and teeth positions,
disturbed breathing habits, difficulties in speech, imbalance in the facial
muscles and psychological problems. The same habits, if persistent could also prevent
the correction of the mal-aligned teeth also.
Following are few of the commonly seen habits:
Tongue thrusting
Tongue
thrusting is the abnormal habit of placing the tongue between / against
the inner aspect of the front teeth before, and during the act of
swallowing. It could be seen as one or more of any of the following:
1)
Forward placement of tongue during swallowing so that the tip of the tongue contacts
the lower lip.
2)
Inappropriate placement of the tongue between or against the front teeth during
speech.
3)
Forward positioning of the tongue at rest.
During a normal swallow, the tongue touches the roof of the
mouth. When it is positioned between the
front teeth or thrust against the inner aspect of the front teeth, it becomes
abnormal. Since swallowing is a continuous process which occurs 24 hours per day
and about 2000 times per day, the tongue exerts momentary pressures varying
from 1 to 6 pounds on the surrounding structures of the mouth which will push
the teeth and bone forward.
How does a child develop tongue thrust?
It is natural for all the
infants to swallow with the tongue between the gums (gum pads) in order to
facilitate the suckling of the milk from a mother’s breast. The gum pads (on
which the milk teeth erupt later) will not be in contact during the act of
swallowing. Gradually as the child grows and matures, the swallowing pattern
also matures and the tongue retracts its position and gets placed against the
roof of the mouth during the swallow. The teeth will be in full contact during
a mature (adult) swallow. If this natural progression does not happen, it
results in tongue thrusting habit. Here, the muscles surrounding the teeth and
lips (circum-oral muscles) are used to gain suction rather than those of the
throat.
How do we recognize if the child has tongue thrusting
habit?
A person with tongue thrust
may show one or more of the following signs or symptoms:
1. Facial grimace and/or
pursing of the lips while swallowing. Lip puckering and lip licking prior to a
swallow are indicative of tongue thrusting.
2. When at rest (while watching
television or reading a book), an open mouth position with a forward tongue
posture might be noted.
3. A lack of vertical overlap
of front teeth. Teeth might be far apart instead of showing a normal overlap.
4. Protrusion of the front
teeth because of the constant pressure from the tongue.
5. Difficulty with speech,
especially the s and z sounds.
There is also a type of tongue thrust which
is to the sides of the mouth along with the frontal thrust (complex tongue
thrust) and is most commonly due to a large sized tongue. Tongue size could be
large because of a hereditary pattern or due to an underlying systemic disease
which needs evaluation. Complex tongue thrust prevents the back teeth from
erupting to the normal level preventing normal bite development.
Thumb sucking habit
It is
observed that more than 50% of the children tend to indulge in sucking their
thumb. Some children place their
fingers also inside the mouth along with thumb. Majority of them abandon the
habit by the age of four years. If they continue it beyond the age of eruption
of permanent teeth, it might lead to disturbance in the position of the
erupting teeth. A sucking habit which is considered normal till a certain age
will be considered harmful when persisted upon for a longer period of time.
The presence of clean nails and callus on the finger is normally
suggestive of thumb sucking.
There are certain factors which decide whether these habits will
create any disturbance in the position of teeth / jaw or not.
1. How long does the child
keep sucking the thumb/fingers?
The longer the duration,
the more harmful it could be.
2. How often does he indulge
in the habit?
The more frequent the habit,
the more disturbances it could create.
3. How vigorously he sucks?
Mere placement of the thumb
or fingers is not as harmful as vigorous sucking where his/her facial muscles
are also involved.
How does the child develop the habit?
Studies have shown that
thumb sucking is practiced even before the child is born. It is postulated that
it is needed for the normal psychological development of the child. Child is
supposed to obtain emotional satisfaction by indulging in thumb sucking and
forceful prevention of that habit could lead to emotional insecurity. It is
believed that children deprived of parental love and care can indulge in thumb
sucking. But there are some researchers who believe that it’s a mere learned
behavior and there are no psychological reasons behind the habit. Persistence
of the habit beyond three to four years should alert the parents and a doctor’s
opinion should be sought if it continues beyond the fourth or fifth year of
life
What
are the effects of persistent thumb sucking?
1. Because of the position of
the thumb and/ or fingers against the inner surface of the upper front teeth,
they tend to get forwardly placed along with the upper jaw. Spaces might be
present between the front teeth.
2. The prominent teeth prevent
the upper lip from full closure leading to an open lip posture. Prominences of these forwardly placed teeth
make them particularly vulnerable to accidental fractures.
3. The heavy muscle forces due
to the sucking can constrict the upper arch making it narrow and tapered.
4. The lower teeth might get
pushed inward or outward depending on the way of placement of the fingers. If
pushed inward, it leads to an increased distance between the upper and lower
front teeth.
5. A space between the upper
and lower front teeth when the child bite which might lead to a compensatory tongue
thrusting habit and difficulties in speech.
Mouth breathing
It is quite frequent to see
children breathing through their mouth instead of their nose. The mouth
breathing per se may not bring about much damages but the posture of the jaws
during the procedure and the dryness created by constantly inhaled air could
produce some damaging effects.
Why is it important for a child to breathe through the
nose?
Nasal breathing has certain advantages over
the mouth breathing like
1. Purification of the
inspired air: The nose filters and humidifies
the inhaled air before its entry into the lungs. When air is inhaled through
the mouth, it is not cleaned, warmed and moistened.
2. Normal development of nose,
windpipe, lung and the stomach muscles which assist in breathing occur with a
regular nasal breathing. With oral respiration, the airway resistance is
lacking and normal development of lungs and chest does not occur.
3. Certain studies have shown
that mouth breathers have 20 % more carbon dioxide and 20% less oxygen in the
blood as compared to nasal breathers.
In addition to these, the child might develop
a long face as he / she bends the neck forward in order to straighten the airway.
Mouth breathing may lead to middle ear infections and the speech could acquire
nasal tone. In extreme cases, the sense of smell could be diluted and with it taste
sensation and appetite could get affected.
Why
does a child breathe through the mouth?
It could be due to any one
of the following reasons:
1. The child has an
obstruction in the nose due to some deviation in the normal structure (deviated
nasal septum) or some medical reasons (nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, tumours
etc.) which prevents him / her from breathing through the nose.
2. Some children will have
short upper lip or prominent front teeth which prevent the normal lip closure.
They will also tend to breathe through the mouth (by virtue of open lip
posture) along with nasal breathing.
3. Habitually some people tend
to breathe through the mouth even after correction of any existing obstruction
or prominent teeth.
What
happens if the child continues mouth breathing?
1. Molding action of upper lip
is lost thereby resulting in forward placement and spacing of upper front teeth.
2. Tongue is suspended between
upper and lower jaws resulting in narrow jaws due to lack of normal muscle
balance between the tongue and facial muscles.
3. The lower jaw (mandible) tends
to be pushed into a more vertical and backward direction, causing an increased
lower facial height and retruded lower jaw.
4. Mouth breathers hold their
lips apart. So the gums become air-dried and cause irritation.
5. Saliva over the exposed
gums becomes thick and viscous; debris collects on the gums as well as on the
tooth surfaces.
6. Along with the gums, tongue
and roof of the mouth also become dry. Most commonly the patients present with swelling
of the gums related to the front teeth subsequent to mouth breathing. It may
even develop on the inner aspect of upper front teeth also, even in presence of
good oral hygiene.
7. Due to stagnation of debris
and bacteria in the front teeth, they are often affected by decay.
How do we confirm whether a child is a mouth breather or
not?
Clinical signs and symptoms
are suggestive of a mouth breathing habit. It could be confirmed with certain
small tests as given below.
1. Ask the child to hold water
in mouth. A child who is habituated with mouth breathing will not be able to
hold water for more than few seconds as he needs to breathe through the mouth.
2. Hold a piece of cotton or
feather below the nostrils. It will move up for a mouth breather where as it
will move down if the child breathes through the nose.
3. Hold a double sided mirror
below the nostrils. Fogging at the side of nostrils suggests nasal breathing
whereas fogging at the side of mouth suggests mouth breathing.
Bruxism (clenching of the teeth)
Grinding or clenching of the teeth other than
for chewing purposes is called Bruxism.
Why does the child clench his teeth?
It is believed that
children with psychological disturbances or emotional stresses tend to grind their
teeth during night. If the child does not have a comfortable bite, he might
also indulge in clenching. Sometimes a mild pain associated with gums or an
erupting tooth could also lead to a clenching habit as it is a human tendency
to clench on teeth when put under stress or pain.
How do we recognize Bruxism?
Clenching or night grinding
could be observed directly. Teeth might be showing abnormal wear patterns.
Teeth might become loose in their sockets. The child might complain of soreness
of the facial muscles when he gets up in the morning.
Lip biting, lip sucking and nail biting are
also some of the less frequently encountered habits which if left unattended
could lead to harmful effects on teeth and jaws.
Significance of identifying
whether the child indulges in these habits or not
Habits need to be broken to
allow normal development of the teeth and jaws. Persistence of the habit even
after correction of the faulty teeth and jaw position could push them back to
their original position leading to failure of the treatment.
Do they require any treatment?
Habits need to be treated
under the guidance of a trained clinician, provided there is adequate parental
support and cooperation from the patient. Treatment could vary from educating
the child and parent regarding the consequences of continuation of the habit to
the use of appliance therapy as and when the case requires. The harmful effects
which are already present need to be corrected by a specialist doctor.
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